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全球变暖是当今人们关注气候变化的热点问题，而全球变暖背景下的区域性气候响应则是目前气候学研究的焦点.由于青藏高原的特殊地理位置，研究其全球变暖背景下的气候响应具有非常重要的理论和现实意义.作为西北干旱区水资源重要组成部分的冰川如何变化，已成为举世瞩目的重大问题.采用遥感和地理信息技术来研究青藏高原的冰川和湖泊变化，虽然受一些因素的制约，但是是一种新的研究手段.本文主要以青藏高原东南部然乌湖流域为研究区域，在导师课题的支持下，完成了冰川湖泊变化的研究工作，并且结合气象站资料分析了冰川湖泊对气候变化的响应.论文获得的主要结论有：（1）近25年来，然乌湖流域冰川面积不断减少，近年来冰川萎缩速度加快. 1980年到2005年，冰川面积从496.64km2减少到466.94 km2，冰川萎缩了29.7 km2，萎缩速率为1.19 km2 •a-1. （2）近25年，然乌湖流域湖泊面积不断扩大，与冰川退缩有很好的耦合性，可见冰川融水是该地区湖泊的主要补给来源. 区域冰碛湖泊面积则从1980年29.79 km2增大到2005年33.27 km2，湖泊面积扩大了3.48 km2，增加的速率为0.14 km2 •a-1. （3）结合1970年到2005年的波密，察隅和林芝气象站的观测数据可知，气温升高，是该地区冰川萎缩的主要原因，因此也是湖泊面积扩大的主要原因.

Global warming is the focus issue on climate change today, and the response of the regional and local climate to global warming is one of the focus issues in climate study. The Tibetan Plateau is believed as the trigger and pioneer areas of East Asian climate change, thus the study on the climate response of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to global warming has both theoretical and practical significance. Glacier is considered as one of the indicators of global climate change and the important composition of water resources in arid regions of northwest China. How do glaciers change under the background of global warming, and whether glacier water resources are increasing or decreasing, are becoming obviously the important problems. On the other hand, the evolution of the lakes, especially inner lakes, is the indicator of climate and environment in the Tibetan Plateau. The lakes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, a sensitive regions to global change, are free from the anthropogenic activities, thus the evolution of the lakes can reflect the natural climate change honestly. Nowadays, as the rapid development of science and technology, remote sensing and geography information system have offered the main data sources and technological methods for studying global changes, it is the mew way to studying the variety of glaciers and lakes in Tibetan Plateau. The research field of this paper is the Ranwu Lake valley and is on the change of glaciers and lakes in Tibetan Plateau using remote sensing technology and the meteorological data, this research is supported by Professor’s project. The main results are in the following. (1)In the recent 25 years, the area of glaciers in Ranwu Lake valley is getting less, and the glaciers melting speed is faster than before. The results show that from 1980 to 2005 .the glaciers area decreased form 496.64 km2 to 466.94 km2，and the retreat speed is 1.19 km2•a-1. (2)In the recent 25 years, the area of lakes in Ranwu Lake valley is getting more, the variety of lakes in the valley has good relationship with the variety of glaciers. The area of lakes in this valley increased from 29.79 km2 to 33.27 km2，the retreat speed is 0.14 km2•a-1. (3)According to the meteorological data from Linzhi station, Bomi station and Zayu station, the results suggest that temperature increasing is the main reason of the glaciers retreat, and the increased runoff of the glaciers contributed to the extending of the lake, The climate Changes characteristics on Ranwu Lake valley from 1980 to 2005: The annual average temperature took on upward trend in fluctuation, especially cool-season average temperature increased significantly, which was consistent with the global warming trends; the precipitation took on downward trend in fluctuation.

目录..........................................................................................................................................................I
摘要.......................................................................................................................................................III
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................................V
第一章前言.......................................................................................................................................- 1 -
1.1 研究意义...................................................................................................................................- 1 -
1.2 研究内容和工作流程...............................................................................................................- 2 -
1.2.1 研究内容...........................................................................................................................- 2 -
1.2.2 工作流程...........................................................................................................................- 2 -
1.3 国内外的有关研究现状...........................................................................................................- 3 -
1.3.1 RS和GIS在冰川湖泊动态变化研究中的应用..................................................................- 3 -
1.3.2 青藏高原冰川湖泊环境变化对气候变化的响应研究...................................................- 5 -
1.3.3 本研究区域研究进展.......................................................................................................- 7 -
1.4 研究方法...................................................................................................................................- 8 -
第二章研究区概况...........................................................................................................................- 9 -
2.1 地理位置...................................................................................................................................- 9 -
2.2 流域自然地理概况.................................................................................................................- 10 -
2.3 社会经济情况.........................................................................................................................- 11 -
第三章然乌湖流域数据的处理与提取.........................................................................................- 12 -
3.1 研究区的数据来源.................................................................................................................- 12 -
3.2 数据处理.................................................................................................................................- 13 -
3.2.1 统一坐标系.....................................................................................................................- 13 -
3.2.2 评价1：50，000DEM的精度.......................................................................................- 13 -
3.2.3 遥感影像处理.................................................................................................................- 13 -
3.3 专题数据提取.........................................................................................................................- 15 -
3.3.1 遥感图像解译.................................................................................................................- 15 -
3.3.1.1 冰川和湖泊的解译标志..........................................................................................................- 16 -
3.3.1.2 湖泊的解译..............................................................................................................................- 16 -
3.3.1.3 冰川的解译..............................................................................................................................- 16 -
3.3.2 地形图数字化.................................................................................................................- 17 -
第四章然乌湖流域冰川、湖泊变化分析.....................................................................................- 18 -
4.1然乌湖流域冰川变化特征......................................................................................................- 18 -
4.2然乌湖流域湖泊变化特征......................................................................................................- 19 -
第五章冰川、湖泊变化对气候变化的响应.................................................................................- 22 -
5.1然乌湖流域25年气候变化特征............................................................................................- 22 -
5.2冰川湖泊对气候变化的响应..................................................................................................- 25 -
第六章小结与展望.........................................................................................................................- 29 -
6.1 小结.........................................................................................................................................- 29 -
6.2 展望.........................................................................................................................................- 30 -
参考文献...........................................................................................................................................- 31 -
发表论文：.......................................................................................................................................- 37 -
致谢...................................................................................................................................................- 38 -