| Evaluation of WRF Simulations With Different Selections of Subgrid Orographic Drag Over the Tibetan Plateau | |
| Zhou, X (Zhou, X.)1; Beljaars, A (Beljaars, A.)2; Wang, Y (Wang, Y.)1,3; Huang, B (Huang, B.)4; Lin, C (Lin, C.)5; Chen, Y (Chen, Y.)1; Wu, H (Wu, H.)6; Zhou, X | |
| Source Publication | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
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| 2017 | |
| Volume | 122Issue:18Pages:9759-9772 |
| DOI | 10.1002/2017JD027212 |
| Abstract | Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations with different selections of subgrid orographic drag over the Tibetan Plateau have been evaluated with observation and ERA-Interim reanalysis. Results show that the subgrid orographic drag schemes, especially the turbulent orographic form drag (TOFD) scheme, efficiently reduce the 10 m wind speed bias and RMS error with respect to station measurements. With the combination of gravity wave, flow blocking and TOFD schemes, wind speed is simulated more realistically than with the individual schemes only. Improvements are also seen in the 2 m air temperature and surface pressure. The gravity wave drag, flow blocking drag, and TOFD schemes combined have the smallest station mean bias (-2.05 degrees C in 2 m air temperature and 1.27 hPa in surface pressure) and RMS error (3.59 degrees C in 2 m air temperature and 2.37 hPa in surface pressure). Meanwhile, the TOFD scheme contributes more to the improvements than the gravity wave drag and flow blocking schemes. The improvements are more pronounced at low levels of the atmosphere than at high levels due to the stronger drag enhancement on the low-level flow. The reduced near-surface cold bias and high-pressure bias over the Tibetan Plateau are the result of changes in the low-level wind components associated with the geostrophic balance. The enhanced drag directly leads to weakened westerlies but also enhances the a-geostrophic flow in this case reducing (enhancing) the northerlies (southerlies), which bring more warm air across the Himalaya Mountain ranges from South Asia (bring less cold air from the north) to the interior Tibetan Plateau. |
| Subject Area | 自然地理学 |
| WOS ID | WOS:000416388000013 |
| Language | 英语 |
| Indexed By | SCI |
| Keyword | Gravity-wave-drag Office Unified Model General-circulation Anisotropic Orography Boundary-layer Era-interim Parametrization Representation Impact Flow |
| WOS Research Area | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| WOS Subject | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| Cooperation Status | 国际 |
| Subtype | Article |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.itpcas.ac.cn/handle/131C11/7987 |
| Collection | 图书馆 |
| Corresponding Author | Zhou, X |
| Affiliation | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing, Peoples R China. 2.ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. 4.Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Energy & Proc Engn, Trondheim, Norway. 5.Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Reg Climate Grp, Gothenburg, Sweden. 6.Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Zhou, X ,Beljaars, A ,Wang, Y ,et al. Evaluation of WRF Simulations With Different Selections of Subgrid Orographic Drag Over the Tibetan Plateau[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2017,122(18):9759-9772. |
| APA | Zhou, X .,Beljaars, A .,Wang, Y .,Huang, B .,Lin, C .,...&Zhou, X.(2017).Evaluation of WRF Simulations With Different Selections of Subgrid Orographic Drag Over the Tibetan Plateau.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,122(18),9759-9772. |
| MLA | Zhou, X ,et al."Evaluation of WRF Simulations With Different Selections of Subgrid Orographic Drag Over the Tibetan Plateau".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 122.18(2017):9759-9772. |
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| File Name/Size | DocType | Version | Access | License | ||
| V.122(18) 9759-9772 （4895KB） | 期刊论文 | 作者接受稿 | 开放获取 | CC BY-NC-SA | View Application Full Text | |
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