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Diurnal Variations of the Flux Imbalance Over Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Landscapes
Zhou, YZ (Zhou, Yanzhao)1,2; Li, D (Li, Dan)3; Liu, HP (Liu, Heping)4; Li, X (Li, Xin)5,6
Source PublicationBOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
2018-09-01
Volume168Issue:3Pages:417-442
DOI10.1007/s10546-018-0358-2
Abstract

It is well known that the sum of the turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes as measured by the eddy-covariance method is systematically lower than the available energy (i.e., the net radiation minus the ground heat flux). We examine the separate and joint effects of diurnal and spatial variations of surface temperature on this flux imbalance in a dry convective boundary layer using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Results show that, over homogeneous surfaces, the flux due to turbulent-organized structures is responsible for the imbalance, whereas over heterogeneous surfaces, the flux due to mesoscale or secondary circulations is the main contributor to the imbalance. Over homogeneous surfaces, the flux imbalance in free convective conditions exhibits a clear diurnal cycle, showing that the flux-imbalance magnitude slowly decreases during the morning period and rapidly increases during the afternoon period. However, in shear convective conditions, the flux-imbalance magnitude is much smaller, but slightly increases with time. The flux imbalance over heterogeneous surfaces exhibits a diurnal cycle under both free and shear convective conditions, which is similar to that over homogeneous surfaces in free convective conditions, and is also consistent with the general trend in the global observations. The rapid increase in the flux-imbalance magnitude during the afternoon period is mainly caused by the afternoon decay of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Interestingly, over heterogeneous surfaces, the flux imbalance is linearly related to the TKE and the difference between the potential temperature and surface temperature, Delta T; the larger the TKE and Delta T values, the smaller the flux-imbalance magnitude.

WOS IDWOS:000440422100003
Language英语
Indexed BySCIE
KeywordEnergy-balance Closure Large-eddy Simulation Convective Turbulence Boundary-layer Tower Measurements Covariance Fluxes Land-surface Part i Model Decay
WOS Research AreaMeteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS SubjectMeteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Cooperation Status国际
ISSN0006-8314
Department大数据中心
PublisherSPRINGER
Citation statistics
Document Type期刊论文
Identifierhttp://ir.itpcas.ac.cn/handle/131C11/8559
Collection图书馆
Corresponding AuthorLi, X (Li, Xin)
Affiliation1.Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Key Lab Remote Sensing Gansu Prov, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China;
2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China;
3.Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA;
4.Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA;
5.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing, Peoples R China;
6.Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Zhou, YZ ,Li, D ,Liu, HP ,et al. Diurnal Variations of the Flux Imbalance Over Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Landscapes[J]. BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY,2018,168(3):417-442.
APA Zhou, YZ ,Li, D ,Liu, HP ,&Li, X .(2018).Diurnal Variations of the Flux Imbalance Over Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Landscapes.BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY,168(3),417-442.
MLA Zhou, YZ ,et al."Diurnal Variations of the Flux Imbalance Over Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Landscapes".BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY 168.3(2018):417-442.
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