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Reconstructing vegetation and climate changes after the Last Glacial Maximum on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a key to understand past Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) dynamics and the interplay between the ISM and Westerlies. In this study, a pollen record covering the last deglaciation and Holocene from Lake Tangra Yumco on the central TP is presented. A regional vegetation and climate history on the TP during the late glacial period is inferred, corresponding to long-term variations in the atmospheric circulation systems. Prior to 16,100 cal a BP, most areas of the TP are covered by treeless vegetation, mostly affected by the Westerlies. After that three major vegetation shifts to more humid-preferring vegetation types on the TP are detected during 16,100-14,600, 13,600-13,000, 12,400-10,400 cal a BP. These shifts should indicate three rapid intensifications in the ISM.