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Iron oxides in the cryoconite of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau: abundance, speciation and implications
Cong, ZY (Cong, Zhiyuan)1,5; Gao, SP (Gao, Shaopeng)1; Zhao, WC (Zhao, Wancang)3; Wang, X (Wang, Xin)4; Wu, GM (Wu, Guangming)1,6; Zhang, YL (Zhang, Yulan)2; Kang, SC (Kang, Shichang)2,5; Liu, YQ (Liu, Yongqin)1; Ji, JF (Ji, Junfeng)3
Source PublicationCRYOSPHERE
2018-12-05
Volume12Issue:10Pages:3177-3186
DOI10.5194/tc-12-3177-2018
Abstract

Cryoconite is a mixture of impurities and ice visually represented by dark colors present in the ablation zone of glaciers. As an important constituent of light-absorbing impurities on the glacier surface, iron oxides influence the radiative properties of mineral dust and thus its impact on ice melting processes. In particular, the distinct optical properties between hematite and goethite (the major iron oxide species) highlight the necessity to obtain accurate knowledge about their abundance and geochemical behavior. Cryoconite samples from five glaciers in different regions of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and surroundings were studied. The iron abundance in the cryoconite from TP glaciers ranged from 3.40 % to 4.90 % by mass, in accordance with typical natural background levels. Because the light absorption capacity of mineral dust essentially depends on the presence of iron oxides (i.e., free iron), iron oxides were extracted and determined using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The ratios of free to total iron for the five glaciers ranged from 0.31 to 0.70, emphasizing that iron in the form of oxides should be considered rather than total iron in the albedo and radiative modeling. Furthermore, the goethite content in iron oxides (in mass fraction) ranged from 81 % to 98 %, showing that goethite was the predominant form among the glaciers. Using the abundance and speciation of iron oxides as well as their optical properties, the total light absorption was quantitatively attributed to goethite, hematite, black carbon (BC) and organic matters at 450 and 600 nm wavelengths. We found that the goethite played a stronger role than BC at shorter wavelengths for most glaciers. Such findings were essential to understand the relative significance of anthropogenic and natural effects, and then taking the proper mitigation measures.

Subject Area地理学
WOS IDWOS:000446812400001
Language英语
Indexed BySCIE
KeywordLight-absorbing Impurities Black Carbon Mineral Dust Determining Hematite Optical-properties Elemental Carbon Northern China Central-asia Desert Dust Snow
WOS Research AreaPhysical Geography ; Geology
WOS SubjectGeography, Physical ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Cooperation Status国内
ISSN1994-0416
Department环境变化与地表过程重点实验室
PublisherCOPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
Citation statistics
Document Type期刊论文
Identifierhttp://ir.itpcas.ac.cn/handle/131C11/8522
Collection图书馆
Corresponding AuthorKang, SC (Kang, Shichang)
Affiliation1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China;
2.Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China;
3.Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Key Lab Surficial Geochem, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China;
4.Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China;
5.CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China;
6.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Cong, ZY ,Gao, SP ,Zhao, WC ,et al. Iron oxides in the cryoconite of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau: abundance, speciation and implications[J]. CRYOSPHERE,2018,12(10):3177-3186.
APA Cong, ZY .,Gao, SP .,Zhao, WC .,Wang, X .,Wu, GM .,...&Ji, JF .(2018).Iron oxides in the cryoconite of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau: abundance, speciation and implications.CRYOSPHERE,12(10),3177-3186.
MLA Cong, ZY ,et al."Iron oxides in the cryoconite of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau: abundance, speciation and implications".CRYOSPHERE 12.10(2018):3177-3186.
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