| Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential | |
| Pokhrel, B (Pokhrel, Balram)1,3,4; Gong, P (Gong, Ping)1,2; Wang, XP (Wang, Xiaoping)1,2,3; Khanal, SN (Khanal, Sanjay Nath)4; Ren, J (Ren, Jiao)1,3; Wang, CF (Wang, Chuanfei)1,2; Gao, SP (Gao, Shaopeng)1; Yao, TD (Yao, Tandong)1,2 | |
| Source Publication | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
 |
| 2018-02-01 | |
| Volume | 18Issue:2Pages:1325-1336 |
| DOI | 10.5194/acp-18-1325-2018 |
| Abstract | The study of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in low-latitude tropical and subtropical urban cities is necessary to assess their local and global impacts on ecosystems and human health. Despite studies on levels of POPs in water, soils, and sediments, analysis of the distribution patterns, seasonality, and sources of POPs in urban regions of Nepal remain limited. Polyurethane foam (PUF)-based passive air samplers were deployed in three major cities in Nepal: Kathmandu (the capital city), Pokhara, and Hetauda (agricultural cities). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were the dominant organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere at all sites. The average concentrations of POPs were Sigma DDTs, 8.7-1.0 x 10(3) pg m(-3); Sigma HCHs, 5.3-3.3 x 10(3) pg m(-3); HCB, 5.8-3.4 x 10(2) pg m(-3); Sigma endosulfan, BDL-51 pg m(-3); and Sigma(6)PCBs, 1.4-47 pg m(-3). Isomer and metabolite ratio analyses suggested that the concentrations present were from both new and historical applications of the POPs. Vegetable production sites and their market places appeared to be the major DDT and HCH source areas. Higher atmospheric concentrations of DDT and HCH occurred during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, and winter, respectively, closely associated with their local application for soil preparation and vegetable spraying. The estimated travel distances of the POPs (HCB, alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH, and p, p'-DDT) under the Nepalese tropical climate were all above 1000 km, suggesting that high precipitation levels in the tropical climate were not enough to scavenge the POPs and that Nepal could be an important source region for POPs. Due to their close proximity and cold trapping (driven by low temperatures), the high Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau are likely the key receptors of POPs emitted in Nepal. These results add to the information available on POPs from tropical developing countries. |
| WOS ID | WOS:000423980000001 |
| Language | 英语 |
| Indexed By | SCIE |
| Keyword | PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS PASSIVE AIR SAMPLERS POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT INDIAN CITIES LEVELS TIBETAN PLATEAU SOURCE APPORTIONMENT SOUTHERN SLOPES POPS PAKISTAN |
| WOS Research Area | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| WOS Subject | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| Cooperation Status | 国际 |
| ISSN | 1680-7316 |
| Department | 环境变化与地表过程重点实验室 |
| Publisher | COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.itpcas.ac.cn/handle/131C11/8745 |
| Collection | 图书馆 |
| Affiliation | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; 2.CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; 4.Kathmandu Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Nat Sci, Dhulikhel, Nepal. |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Pokhrel, B ,Gong, P ,Wang, XP ,et al. Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2018,18(2):1325-1336. |
| APA | Pokhrel, B .,Gong, P .,Wang, XP .,Khanal, SN .,Ren, J .,...&Yao, TD .(2018).Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,18(2),1325-1336. |
| MLA | Pokhrel, B ,et al."Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 18.2(2018):1325-1336. |
| Files in This Item: | ||||||
| File Name/Size | DocType | Version | Access | License | ||
| 2018287.pdf（5315KB） | 期刊论文 | 出版稿 | 开放获取 | CC BY-NC-SA | View Application Full Text | |
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